Cereals

Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Common wheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the Czech Republic, occupying nearly a quarter of arable land. It is grown in two forms: winter wheat (94%) and spring wheat (6%). The main product of the harvest is grain.
Food grade - standards ČSN 46 1100-2 and ČSN 46 1100-2.
Feed grade - standard ČSN 46 1200-2.

Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon): Spring barley has been cultivated on a relatively large area in the Czech Republic in recent years and is the second most widely grown crop after winter wheat. About thirty percent of the total spring barley harvest is processed for malt production, while approximately seventy percent of the grain is used for feed purposes.
Malting grade - standard ČSN 46 1100-6.
Feed grade - standard ČSN 46 1200-3.

Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. vulgare): Winter barley is the third most widely cultivated cereal crop in the Czech Republic, following winter wheat and spring barley. In the Czech conditions, winter barley is primarily used for feed purposes. The feed quality of winter barley varieties with larger grains is comparable to that of feed varieties of spring barley.
Feed grade - standard ČSN 46 1200-3.

Rye (Secale cereale L.): The cultivation area of rye has significantly decreased in the second half of the 20th century due to lower yield increments compared to wheat and barley, as well as lower diversity of its utilization as a raw material. Food grade - standard ČSN 46 1100-4. Feed grain that does not meet the criteria for food quality.

Corn (Zea mays L.): Corn grain plays an important role in the feeding of pigs and poultry.
Feed grade - grain - standard ČSN 46 1200-6.

Triticale - Hybrid of Wheat and Rye (Triticosecale): Triticale is an artificial intergeneric hybrid between common wheat (genus Triticum) and rye (genus Secale). It has a high yield potential.
Feed grade - standard ČSN 46 1200-5.

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): The grain of millet is small with shiny husks. Part of the production is used as a dietary food (pearled millet) and part is used for feeding exotic birds. The quality assessment of millet focuses on moisture content, impurities, and foreign matter.
Quality assessment is conducted according to standard ČSN 46 1200-7.

Pohanka (Fagopyrum esculentum) belongs to the botanical family Polygonaceae - the buckwheat family. Due to similar agrotechnics and the nature of the product, it is often mentioned together with cereal crops.
The quality of buckwheat is regulated according to standard ČSN 46 1200-8.
There are two main forms of buckwheat: unpeeled and peeled. The peeling process can be done mechanically or thermally.

Oat (Avena sativa L.): Oat grain is also used in feed rations for certain categories of livestock, including young and breeding animals, as well as horses.
Hulled Oat - standard ČSN 46 1200-4 (kernel tightly enclosed by the husk and awn).
Naked Oat - standard ČSN 46 1100-7.